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Metabolic

Semaglutide

5mg vial

Semaglutide is a 31-amino-acid GLP-1 analogue with 94% sequence homology to native GLP-1, modified with a C-18 fatty diacid chain enabling albumin binding and a approx. 7-day half-life. It is the most clinically validated peptide in the GLP-1 class, with extensive Phase 3 data across obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular, hepatic and neurological research areas.

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Researched for

  • Mean 14.9–17.4% body weight reduction at 2.4mg/week (STEP trials, 68 weeks)
  • 20% MACE reduction in non-diabetic obese subjects (SELECT, NEJM 2023)
  • HbA1c reduction of 1.5–2.0% vs placebo (SUSTAIN program)
  • 59% NASH resolution vs 17% placebo (Phase II, NEJM 2021)
  • Reduced Parkinson's / Alzheimer's incidence signals in GLP-1 RA users
  • Emerging research into addiction and compulsive-behaviour applications

Mechanism of action

Activates GLP-1R on pancreatic β-cells to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon, while acting on hypothalamic GLP-1 receptors to reduce appetite and delay gastric emptying.

Research protocol

Standard research titration: 0.25mg weekly (weeks 1–4) → 0.5mg (weeks 5–8) → 1.0mg (weeks 9–12) → 1.7mg (weeks 13–16) → 2.4mg weekly maintenance. Subcutaneous (abdomen, thigh or upper arm). Research protocols typically 12–68 weeks.

Half-life

approx. 168 hours (approx. 7 days), supporting once-weekly dosing.

Reconstitution

Reconstitute a 5mg vial with 2mL bacteriostatic water for a 2.5mg/mL working concentration. Swirl gently and allow to sit 2–3 minutes; do not shake.

Storage

Lyophilised: 2–8°C (stable approx. 36 months frozen); short-term room-temperature use acceptable. Reconstituted: 2–8°C, do not freeze, use within 28 days.

Research considerations
  • GI side effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation) reported in 40–70% of STEP participants - dose-dependent and a leading driver of discontinuation.
  • 25–39% of total weight lost may be lean mass - concurrent resistance training and adequate protein intake are critical.
  • FDA gastroparesis warning (2023); dose- and duration-dependent risk of pathologically delayed gastric emptying.